核电厂对环境的放射性污染与其防治.pdfVIP

18 4 Vol. 18No. 4 1998 7 Radiation Protection Jul. 1998 施仲齐　曲静原　崔永利 ( , , 100084) , , , , 50 , , [ 1] , 1997 32 480 , %, 17% , ( 30 , PWR ) ( 290 , PWR) , ( 2 0 , PWR) ( 2100 , PWR) , ( 272 , HWR) ( 210 , PWR) 2000 , 88 ( 8. 8 GW) ; , 2020 4050 GW, % [ 2] , , , ; , 1 , , , ; , , , , , , , 242 18 4 1. 1 : ( ) , ( 131I, 133I ) , (T ) 1 ( UNSCEAR) [ 3] [ 4] [ 5, ] ( 1 GW a ; 2 , ) , [ ] 1( / ) Bq GW a T ab. 1Average normalized activit y releases in airborne effluents from nuclear power plants ( Bq/ GW a) UNSCEAR PW R, [ 3] 2. 181014 . 25109 5. 91012 [ 4] 8. 11013 2. 93109 2. 81012 UNSCEAR, HW R [ 3] 2. 121014 2. 7108 . 71014 [ 4] 1. 91014 4. 2108 4. 81014 ,PW R 5] 2. 571013 2. 8 108 1995 [ ] 4. 011013 3. 0108 [ ] 5. 71014 1. 9109 81012 1, ( HWR) CANDU , , , 10 ;