第7章计算机专业英语孙建忠.ppt

计算机专业英语 Chapter 7 Programming Languages Computer English Chapter 7 Programming Languages 计算机专业英语 7-* Key points:  useful terms and definitions of programming languagesDifficult points:  describing the differences between compilers and interpreters 计算机专业英语 7-* Requirements: 1. The origins of the programming languages 2. The concepts of computer compilers 3. Main properties of object-orientation 4. 了解UML，掌握复杂定语从句的翻译技巧 计算机专业英语 7-* New Words Expressions: evolution n. 发展，演变 primitive 原始的， appropriating 适当的 interpreter 解释程序 compiler 编译器 intermediary 中间的 invoke 调用 premium 额外费用，奖金 cryptic 秘密(含义模糊)的 esoteric 深奥的 prompt n.提示符 7.1 Computer Languages Abbreviations: 计算机专业英语 7-* Computer languages have undergone dramatic evolution since the first electronic computers were built to assist in telemetry calculations during World War Ⅱ. Early on, programmers worked with the most primitive computer instructions: machine language. These instructions were represented by long strings of ones and zeros. Soon, assemblers were invented to map machine instructions to human-readable and manageable mnemonics, such as ADD and MOV. 自从第一代电子计算机在第二次世界大战中用于自动计算以来，计算机语言已发生了巨大的变化。早期编程员使用最原始的计算机指令——机器语言来工作。这些指令由一长串的0、1组成。不久，发明了汇编程序，它能将机器指令转换成易读、易管理的助记符，如ADD、MOV等。 7.1 Computer Languages 计算机专业英语 7-* 7.1 Computer Languages In time, higher-level languages evolved [1], such as BASIC and COBOL. These languages let people work with something appropriating words and sentences. Such as Let I=100. These instructions were translated back into machine language by interpreters and compilers. An interpreter translates a program as it reads it, turning the program instructions, or code, directly into actions. A compiler translates the code into an intermediary form. This step is called compiling, and produces an object file. The compiler then invokes a linker, which turns the object file into an executable program. 随后，又