溶液法测定极性分子的偶极矩(国外英文资料).doc

溶液法测定极性分子的偶极矩(国外英文资料) The solution method determines the dipole moment of the polar molecule I. Purpose and requirements The dipole moment of ethyl acetate was determined by solution method Understanding the relationship between dipole moments and molecular electrical properties The experimental technique of determination of dipole moment by solution method I i. the basic principle One, dipole moments and polarization The molecular structure can be approximated by the fact that it is made of electrons. And the structure of the skeleton (nucleus and inner electrons). Because of the different molecular space configuration, its positive and negative charge center may be coincidence, or may not overlap, the former is called a nonpolar molecule, the latter is called the polar molecules. Figure 1 electric dipole moment schematic In 1912, Debye proposed the concept of dipole moments to measure the size of the molecular polarity, as shown in figure 1, by definition EMBED in.3 (1) Q is the charge in the center of positive and negative charge, and the distance between d is positive and negative charge center, and mu is a vector, and its direction is going from positive to negative. Because of the order of magnitude of the distance between atoms in the molecule to EMBED Equation. 3 m, of the order of magnitude of charge to EMBED Equation. 3 C, so the dipole moment of the order of magnitude is EMBED Equation. 3 m. C. Through the determination of dipole moment can understand molecular structure on the distribution of the electron cloud and the molecular symmetry, etc., can also be used to distinguish the geometric isomers and the three-dimensional structure of molecules, and so on. The polar molecule has a permanent dipole moment, but because of the thermal motion of the molecule, the dipole moment points to the same opportunity in all directions, so the dipole moment is equal to zero. If the polar molecule is placed in a uniform field, the dipole moment will be applied to the f