植物细胞壁的主要成分 植物细胞壁同聚半乳糖醛酸的代谢与功能.doc

植物细胞壁的主要成分 植物细胞壁同聚半乳糖醛酸的代谢与功能 中国细胞生物学学报 Chinese Journal of Cell Biology 2014, 36(1): 93–98DOI: 10.11844/cjcb.2014.01.0276 植物细胞壁同聚半乳糖醛酸的代谢与功能 郁有健1,2 沈秀萍1,2 曹家树1,2* (1浙江大学蔬菜研究所细胞与分子生物学实验室, 杭州 310058; 2 农业部园艺植物生长发育与品质调控重点开放实验室, 杭州 310058) 摘要 果胶是细胞壁多糖的重要组成成分, 对植物正常的生长发育十分重要。作为初生细胞壁中果胶的一种主要组成成分, 同聚半乳糖醛酸(homogalacturonan, HG)是由α-D-半乳糖醛酸单体经α-(1,4)-糖苷键连接起来的一种长链大分子物质。HG的合成和降解参与了细胞壁中的多糖代谢, 影响了细胞壁的结构和功能。同时, HG精确的去甲酯化以及HG所参与的细胞壁关联激酶(WAKs)和促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)相关的信号转导途径, 在植物生长发育中也发挥着重要作用。该文主要从HG的合成、降解和循环利用以及HG的作用等方面对植物细胞壁中HG的研究进展进行了阐述。 关键词 细胞壁; 果胶; 同聚半乳糖醛酸; 代谢; 细胞壁关联激酶 The Metabolism and Function of Homogalacturonan in Plant Cell Wall Yu Youjian1,2, Shen Xiuping1,2, Cao Jiashu1,2* (1Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310029, China) Abstract Pectin, as an important component of the cell wall polysaccharides, is essential for normal growth and development of plants. In the primary cell wall, one of the main component of pectin is homogalacturonan (HG), a homopolymer of α-1,4-linked α-D-galacturonic acid residues. The biosynthesis and degradation of HG are involved in the metabolism of polysaccharides in the wall and have an effect on the structures and functions of cell walls. Meanwhile, the precise regulation of its demethyl esterification plays an important role in the growth and development of plants, so do the signal transduction pathways related to wall-associated kinases (WAKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) participated by HG. This paper mainly summarizes the recent research on the biosynthesis, degration and cyclic utilization as well as the roles of HG in plant cell walls. Key words cell wall; pectin; homogalacturonan; metabolism; WAKs 收稿日期: 2013-08-30　　　接受日期: 2013-10-10 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(批准号: 2012CB113900)、国家自然科学基金(批准号:和高等