中国古典文学介绍【英文】.ppt

Huang, Paoshan An introduction to the features of Chinese classical literature The History of an Idea of Literature Ancient idea: 文 wén ：Signifying both “literature” and “civilization” 學 Xué：study; research; learning 文學 Wén xué： The learning and research on all historical materials of corpus Literary Position of Ancient Civilization 1. Inseparable from history and politics e.g. shī jīng《詩經》 chūn qiū 《春秋》 2. The influence of Confucianism The Master said, “The Poems are three hundred, yet one phrase covers them: ‘no straying.’ ” AnalectsⅡ.2 3. Vernacular and Classical colloquial and literary Traditional Chinese Intellectuals 1. Zǐ xià (子夏) said, “If excel in public office then move to learning. Excel in learning then move to assume public office. ” (仕而優則學，學而優則仕)AnalectsⅩⅢ.13 2. Tend to get into bureaucracy-imperial civil service exam(科舉制度) 3. The purity of classical Chinese- was due to the strict proscription of elements of the spoken language from the examinations. The Great Genres of Classical Literary 1. Prose: The 8 literati of táng sòng dynasty唐宋八大家 2. Poetry: Almost include the educated elite. 3. Novel and theater: popular and vernacular: the popular genres of fiction, drama, and prose fiction were not fully accepted as true literature until the last century. The Common Faith of Intellectuals A gentleman will die for his confidant Always solitary and desolate e.g. qū yuán “lí sāo”屈原《離騷》 , ru?n jí阮籍 “Songs of my Cares”《詠懷詩》, “Nineteen Old Poems” 《古詩十九首》, táo qián陶潛 “An Account of Peach Blossom Spring” 〈桃花源記〉, lǐ bái李白 “Bring In the Wine” 〈將進酒〉… Classic of Poetry “Plums are Falling” Plums are falling, seven are the fruits; Many men want me, let me have a fine one. Plums are falling, three are the fruits; Many men want me, let me have a steady on