非政府组织在减少国际航运业黑碳排放方面的作用.doc

Non-governmental Organizations’ Influence on Tackling Black Carbon Issue in the Shipping Industry Han Jialin, Zhang Shuang Abstract: This paper reviews the achievements of non-government organizations in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping, and discusses the role of NGOs in dealing with black carbon in Arctic region in the perspective of global governance to gain insights for our involvements into the arctic affairs in shipping Key words: non-government organization; black carbon; governance in Arctic region; involvement. 1. Introduction Black carbon is an important component of atmospheric aerosol,of a prevailing existence in the atmosphere on a global sacle.,whichcomes into formation through the incomplete combustion of the carbonaceous substancesand contributes to global warmingby absorbing the sunlight and heating the atmosphere. Black carbon has a positive climate- forcing effect since the atmospheric?aerosol of black carbon reduces the reflectivity of snow and ice and accelerates the melting process when it deposits on the snow and ice. Therefore, the effect is severeon the Arctic region than on the regions of mid-and- low latitude. According to the report on the climate of the Arctic: the global impact, issued by the World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF), the average temperatures in Arctic region will rise two times faster than that in other parts of the world, consequently resulting in mass of ice loss and influencing the weather and general circulation in Arctic and surrounding areas. The climate change will pose challenge to the Arctic marine environment, impact the life and health of local residents and bring disaster to marine biological resources on a global scale. This pressing issues raised the concerns from International Maritime Organization (IMO) on tackling the black carbon emissions in Arctic region, and gained attention and advices on the Arctic governance from the interested parties, among which the Non-government Organizations(NGOs) p