中国离子型稀土不同生产工艺对资源环境影响的比较-有色金属科学与工程.docVIP

离子型稀土矿浸取工艺对资源、环境影响* 邹国良,2 吴一丁1 蔡嗣经2 （1.江西理工大学，经济管理学院，赣州 341000； 2.北京科技大学，土木与环境工程学院，北京100083） 摘 要：离子型稀土矿采用堆浸和原地浸矿等生产工艺，均会造成一定的环境破坏和资源损失。为了更好比较堆浸和原地浸矿工艺造成的资源环境损失差异，基于堆浸和原地浸矿生产工艺原理，将离子型稀土矿采选造成的资源损失分为暂时性损失（如残留在矿体或尾矿堆中的资源）和永久性损失（如资源从矿床底板渗漏造成的损失），把环境破坏分为显性破坏（如植被破坏、水土流失或采场滑坡等）和隐性破坏（如地下水污染），将资源损失和环境破坏按可控程度进行分类；在此基础上对堆浸和原地浸矿生产工艺造成的资源与环境影响进行综合比较；最后，提出相关建议。 关键词：离子型稀土；堆浸；原地浸矿；资源损失；环境破坏 The impacts of ion-adsorption rare earth’s production technologies on resource and environment ZOU Guo-liang1,2 ,WU Yi-ding2 , CAI Si-jing1 (1.School of Economics and Management, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000; 2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 100083) Abstract：eap leaching and in-situ leaching, invariably cause some environmental damage and resource losses. In order to compare the heap leaching and in-situ leaching with its environmental damage and resource losses This paper for the first time categorizes the resource losses out of mining and dressing ion-adsorption rare earth into temporary losses(e.g. the resource remains in mines or in tailings piles) and permanent losses(e,g. the leakage resource caused by poor developed ore deposit base plate or artificial baseboard with limitations)based on the production technology principles of heap leaching and in-situ leaching. And the environmental damage is classified into explicit damage(e.g. vegetation deterioration, soil erosion ,tailings pile or stope landslide) and explicit one(e.g. the underground water pollution). The resource losses and environmental damages are hierarchically classified in terms of their controllability degrees. The impacts of heap leaching and in-situ leaching technologies on resource and environment are comprehensively compared and contrasted. Some relevant proposals are accordingly put forward. Key words：on-adsorption rare earth; heap leaching; in-situ leaching; resources