被动语态综合.pptVIP

Grammar;一般现在时：am/is/are+p.p 一般过去时：was/were+p.p 现在进行时：am/is/are being+p.p 过去进行时：was/were being +p.p 现在完成时：have/has been+p.p 过去完成时：had been+p.p 一般将来时：will/shall be +p.p;;的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词, 如: be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。 ;现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。如： 1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 脏衣服都已经洗了。 2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。;1. 现在完成时被动语态肯定句 主语+has/ have been +P.P.+... (P.P.=动词的过去分词形式) Her motorbike has been stolen. 她的摩托车被盗了。 All the offices have been linked by computer. 所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。;2. 现在完成时被动语态否定句 主语+has/ have +not+ been+ P.P.+... The task has not been finished yet. 任务尚未完成。 Many skilled workers have not been trained in the company. 这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人。;3. 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句 Has he(she, it,单数名词)+been+P.P.+...? Has a new computer been bought? 买了一台新电脑吗? Have they been sent abroad to study Eng-lish? 他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗?;4. 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句 疑问词+have (has)+主语+been+ P.P.+...? What has been bought by Tom? 汤姆已经买了什么东西? Who have been helped by the new computer? 谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助? How many buildings have been built in this school?这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼? Where has the car been repaired? 这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了? ;用法;3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能 持续下去。如： He has been told about it for many times. 有人告诉他这事很多次了。 (可能还会有人告诉他);注意:;2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如： [误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. [正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.;2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如： [误] The door has been opened of itself. [正] The door has opened of itself.;4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等 构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与 表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达 相应的意思, 则需改换动词或时态。如：;; ;The?report?is?being?written?by?one?of?the?best