第01章 国际贸易理论的微观基础(讲义)教学版.pptVIP

海峡两岸经济合作框架协议（ECFA） 2005年8月1日起，大陆对原产于台湾的椰子、槟榔、菠萝、番石榴、芒果等15种水果实施进口零关税措施。 伴随《ECFA》2010年9月12日正式生效，台湾水果免税进入大陆又新增了5种台湾水果，分别是香蕉、柠檬、柳橙、哈密瓜和火龙果。 中国---瑞士自由贸易协定 中国与欧洲大陆国家签署的首个自贸协定 中国是瑞士在亚洲的第一大贸易伙伴 瑞士是中国在欧洲的第八大贸易伙伴 瑞方将对中方99.7%的出口实施零关税 中方将对瑞方84.2%的出口实施零关税 一. The Features of Research Methods Relative price 相对价格 PX / PY Y = Currency 二. The Main Analytical Tools （一）Production possibility frontier and Supply 生产可能性边界与供给 （二）Consumer preference and Community indifference curve 消费者偏好与社会无差异曲线 （一）Production Possibility Frontier and Supply 1. Production Possibility Frontier2. Opportunity Cost Production Possibility Frontier This curve shows various alternative combinations of two goods that a nation can produce when all of its factor inputs are used in their most efficient manner. 生产可能性曲线（PPF） Opportunity Cost the cost of a commodity is the amount of a second commodity that must be given up to release just enough resources to produce one additional unit of the first commodity. 机会成本 Constant opportunity costs机会成本不变 lead to linear PPF. Increasing opportunity costs机会成本递增 give rise to a PPF that appears concave from the diagram’s origin. Y X M M` C A B 生产可能性曲线 0 Increasing cost Constant cost Decreasing cost Y X M M` E E` 商品市场均衡 P1 P0 0 P1 P0 （二）Consumer preference and Community Indifference Curve Community Indifference Curve 社会无差异曲线 denotes various combinations of two goods that yield equal amounts of satisfaction to the nation as a whole. A B C D E 1 2 3 4 5 I II III negatively sloped convex to the diagram’s origin higher curves indicate greater satisfaction Characteristics of CIC 三. General Equilibrium in Isolation General equilibrium conditions and equilibrium solution Y X E 封闭条件下的一般均衡 P UA 0 Market Clearance Conclusion In the absence of trade, a nation achieves equilibrium at the point where its indifference curve is tangent to production possibility frontier. The relative pri