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1.Urology is perceived as a competitivespecialty choice. Declining undergraduate exposure and thepreference for ‘‘lifestyle specialties’’ may jeopardize urology’s popularity. Our objective was to assess trends inapplication and matching rates to urology compared withother surgical specialties.2. We reviewed data collected by CanadianResidency Matching Service (CaRMS) and the CanadianPost-MD Education Registry since expansion in Canadianmedical school enrollment began (2002-2011). The following were examined: applicant preference, number ofpositions, gender patterns, and match results. ‘‘Surgery’’included general surgery, orthopedics, plastics, ENT, andurology.3.From 2002 to 2011 CaRMS applicantsincreased from 1117 to 2528 (126%). The number ofapplicants selecting surgery first increased from 178 to338(90%). The number of surgery positions increased from138 to 275 (100%). Urology positions increased from 15to 31 (113%). Applicants to urology increased only 40%(30-42). The proportion of all CARMs applicants selectingurology as their first choice decreased from 2.7% (30) to1.7% (42). The ratio of first choice urology applicants topositions decreased from 2 to 1.35. The probability ofmatching urology as first choice increased from 50% to76%. Female medical graduates increased from 51% to58%. The female applicants selecting surgery first increasedfrom 21% (49) to 41% (173). In contrast, females selectingurology first rose from 13% (4) to 17% (7).4.Urology in Canada is becoming lesscompetitive. Residency positions have doubled since 2002whereas the number of applicants remains static. This trendwas not reflected in other surgical specialities. Factorsaccounting for this may include poor undergraduateexposure, demand for specialties with controllable lifestyles,gender shifts in undergraduate medicine, and lack of rolemodels. The need for undergraduate exposure to urologyand vetting numbers of residency positions remains a matterof paramount importance. ( JSurg 70:537-543.