支扩影像学.pdf

w 页码，1/7(W) Medscape Reference Reference • News • Reference • Education • MEDLINE Bronchiectasis Imaging • Author: Isaac Hassan, MB, ChB, FRCR, DMRD; Chief Editor: Eugene C Lin, MD more... Updated: May 25, 2011 Overview Bronchiectasis is defined as localized, irreversible dilatation of part of the bronchial tree. Involved bronchi are dilated, inflamed, and easily collapsible, resulting in airflow obstruction and impaired clearance of secretions. Bronchiectasis is associated with a wide range of disorders, but it usually results from necrotizing bacterial infections, such as infections caused by the Staphylococcus or Klebsiella species or Bordetella pertussis. Hemoptysis is common and may occur in as many as 50% of patients. Episodic hemoptysis with little to no sputum production (dry bronchiectasis) is usually a sequela of tuberculosis. However, massive hemoptysis may occur; bleeding usually originates in dilated bronchial arteries, which contain blood at systemic (rather than pulmonary) pressures. Diagnosis of bronchiectasis is based on a clinical history of daily viscid sputum production and characteristic computed tomography (CT) scan findings. (See the images below.) A 27-year-old man diagnosed with reactive airway disease as a child was examined because of frequent respiratory infections. The posteroanterior chest radiograph shows ill-defined pulmonary nodular opacities, mild scoliosis, and moderate overaeration. High-resolution computed tomography scan in a 75-year-old man with cystic bronchiectasis. Preferred examination Chest radiography is usually the first imaging examination, but the findings are often nonspecific and the images may appear normal.[1] High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scanning has become the imagi