堆栈procedures.pptVIP

IA 32 Procedures Stack Structure Procedures (x86-64) Region of memory managed with stack discipline Grows toward lower addresses Register %esp contains lowest stack address address of “top” element pushl Src Fetch operand at Src Decrement %esp by 4 Write operand at address given by %esp Use stack to support procedure call and return Procedure call: call label Push return address on stack Jump to label Return address: Address of the next instruction right after call Example from disassembly 804854e: e8 3d 06 00 00 call 8048b90 main 8048553: 50 pushl %eax Return address = 0x8048553 Procedure return: ret Pop address from stack Jump to address Current Stack Frame (“Top” to Bottom) “Argument build:”Parameters for function about to call Local variablesIf can’t keep in registers Saved register context Old frame pointer Caller Stack Frame Return address Pushed by call instruction Arguments for this call ESP: 主函数 F4--(b)--F0-(a)-EC--(Return Address)--E8--(RET)--EC--(+8)--F4 ESP: 子函数 E8--(EBP)--E4(BP=SP)--(-44)--A0--(EBX,ESI,EDI)--94--(EDI,ESI,EBX)-A0---(SP=BP)-E4--(BP)--E8--(RET)--EC IA 32 Procedures Stack Structure Procedures (x86-64) Twice the number of registers Accessible as 8, 16, 32, 64 bits Arguments passed to functions via registers If more than 6 integral parameters, then pass rest on stack These registers can be used as caller-saved as well All references to stack frame via stack pointer Eliminates need to update %ebp/%rbp Other Registers 6 callee saved 2 caller saved 1 return value (also usable as caller saved) 1 special (stack pointer) Operands passed in registers First (xp) in %rdi, second (yp) in %rsi 64-bit pointers No stack operations required (except ret) Avoiding stack Can hold all local information in registers Avoiding Stack Pointer Change Can hold all information within small window beyond stack pointer No values held while swap being invoked No callee save registers needed 8 bytes allocated, but not used Keeps diff in call