英文数据库课件.pptVIP

Application Architectures Two-tier architecture: E.g., client programs using ODBC/JDBC to communicate with a database Three-tier architecture: E.g. ,web-based applications End of Chapter 1 * 2 times 1.* Technology Application of Database ——The First Course in Database Systems School of Management, Huazhong University of Science Technology Chapter 1 Introduction In this course the student will learn the effective use of database management systems, including: The design of databases The programming of operations on databases Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Evolution of Database Management Systems 1.2 Levels of Abstraction 1.3 Data Models 1.4 Components of Database Management Systems Data Management Applications Banking: all transactions Airlines: reservations, schedules Universities: registration, grades Sales: customers, products, purchases Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions Data management touches all aspects of our lives. 1.1 Evolution of Data Management Systems File Systems Database Systems data 1 data 2 data n file systems program 1 program 2 program n 1）File Systems Sno Sname Department Address Sno Sname Department Credit Degree Sno Sname Department Allowance Example Treasury Property Division Academic Division 1）File Systems In the early days, database applications were built on top of file systems Drawbacks of using file systems to store data: Data redundancy and inconsistency Multiple file formats, duplication of information in different files Difficulty in accessing data Need to write a new program to carry out each new task Data isolation multiple files and formats 1）File Systems(Cont.) Drawbacks of using file systems to store data: Integrity problems Hard to add new constraints or change existing ones Atomicity of updates Failures may leave database in an inconsistent state with partial updates carried out Concurrent access by multiple users Concurrent access