语法专项-主谓一致.docVIP

主谓一致是指： 1)语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致； 2)意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致； 3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。 e.g. There is much water in the thermos.热水瓶里有很多水。 注意：当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。 e.g. Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.去年产碳1万吨。 常考点： 1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 e.g. Reading and writing are very important.读和写非常重要。 注意：主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 e.g. The iron and steel industry is (be)very important to our life. 铁和钢对我们的生活非常重要。 2.主谓一致中的就近原则 1) 当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。2) 当either… or…与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 3) 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 e.g. a) There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一只笔，一把刀和几本书。 b) There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 班上有20个男生，23个女生。 c) Either you or she is to go.你或她会去。 d) Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 这儿有一只笔，一些信封和给你的几张纸。 ※ 3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致，即就远原则 BRAINSTORM当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, as well as等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例：a) The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师正在和一些学生参观工厂。 　　b) He as well as I wants to go boating.我和他都想去划船。 4.谓语需用单数 1)代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each, every,谓语需用单数。例： 　　a) Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机。 　　b) There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出了点儿问题。 )表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变。)例： a) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.有三周的时间来做必要的准备。 b) Ten yuan is enough.　10元钱就够了。PRODUCTION 1: 1. The old ____well looked after by the government in China. A. is B. are C. has been D. was2. The secretary and manager ____very busy now. A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Both the secretary and the manager _____agreed to attend the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. was4. Tom as well as two of his classmates _____invited to the party. A. was B. were C. have been