学英语 - 海洋中的哺乳动物与鸟类 marine mammals birds.pptVIP

Marine mammals Characteristics of marine mammals: Warm-blooded Breathe air Have hair (or fur) Bear live young Females have mammary glands that produce milk for their young Marine mammals: Order Sirenia Sirenian characteristics: Large body size Sparse hair all over body Vegetarians Toenails (on manatees only) Includes: Manatees Dugongs Marine mammals: Order Carnivora All members of order Carnivora have prominent canine teeth Includes: Sea otters Polar bears Pinnipeds (flipper-footed) Walrus Seals Sea lions/fur seals Differences between seals and sea lions/fur seals Marine mammals: Order Cetacea Marine mammals: Order Cetacea Cetacean characteristics: Blowholes on top of skull Skull telescoped (streamlined shape) Very few hairs Includes: Whales, dolphins, and porpoises Two suborders of order Cetacea Suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales) Echolocate (send sound through water) Includes killer whale, sperm whale, dolphins, porpoises, and many others Suborder Mysticeti (baleen whales) Have rows of baleen plates instead of teeth Includes blue whale, finback whale, humpback whale, gray whale, and many others Differences between dolphins and porpoises Dolphins have: An elongated snout (rostrum) A sickle-shaped (falcate) dorsal fin Conical-shaped teeth Differences between dolphins and porpoises Porpoises have: A blunt snout (rostrum) A triangle-shaped dorsal fin Spade-shaped teeth Mysticeti: The baleen whales Mysticeti whales have baleen instead of teeth Baleen plates: Hang as parallel rows from the upper jaw Are made of keratin Are used as a strainer to capture zooplankton Allows baleen whales to eat krill and small fish by the ton Baleen Types of baleen whales Baleen whales include three families: Gray whale (a bottom-feeder with short baleen) Rorqual whales (medium-sized baleen) Balaenopterids (blue whales, finback whales, and other large whales ) Megapterids (humpback whales) Right whales (surface skimmers with long baleen) Whale Migration Sea Lion Walrus Family Phocidae F