意象图式 课件.ppt

Image Schema 程文文 Outline I. Definitions to Image Schema II. Major Types of Image Schema III. Properties of Image Schema I. What is an image schema?--the definition to an image schema  Image schemas are relatively simple structures that constantly recur in our bodily experience(意象图式是我们日常身体经验中反复出现的比较简单的结构) ---(1987)George Lakoff “A recurring, dynamic pattern of our perceptual interactions and motor programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience”.（意象图式是在我们感知互动和运动程序中一种反复出现的、动态的式样，可为我们的经验提供连贯性和结构性） Basic Idea of the Definition 1. Human bodily movement, manipulation of objects, and perceptual interactions ↓ abstract structures of images (人类的身体运动、对物体的操纵和感知互动包含有反复出现的样式，如果没有这种样式，我们的经验将变得一团糟，并不可理解。这种样式就是“意象图式”，因为他们主要起意象性抽象结构的功能) 2. because of our physical experience of being and acting in the world—of perceiving the environment, moving our bodies, exerting and experiencing force, etc.—we form basic conceptual structures which we then use to organize thought across a range of more abstract domains. Thus, image schemas derive from sensory and perceptual experience as we interact with and move about in the world. The term “image” in image schema A psychological term, referring to a kind of mental representation which relates to and derives from our sensory and perceptual experience of the external world. The term ‘schema’ in ‘image schema’ “Schema” in “image schema” means image schemas are not rich or detailed concepts, but rather abstract conceptual structures consisting of patterns emerging from repeated instances of embodied experience. For example, words like “things” or “containers” are more schematic than “pencil” or “teacup”. Thus, image schemas are more abstract than images, because they are schematic structures/gestalts of images. It is generally agreed by cognitive linguists that image schemas derive from sensory and perceptual experiences as we interact with and move