石墨烯的制备、表征及电化学性能研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 石墨烯作为一种新型的碳材料，具有优异的物理、化学及机械性能，如导 热导电性能良好、比表面积大及机械强度高，这使得石墨烯成为一种良好的电 极材料。本文主要利用氧化还原法制备石墨烯，并以其作为电极材料，测试了 其电化学性能。具体内容包括： 1. 氧化石墨制备影响因素的研究。研究了石墨原料粒径大小及均匀性、氧 化剂用量及反应温度等对石墨氧化程度的影响。其中，反应温度对石墨氧化程 度的影响最大。实验结果表明，在中低温条件下，更有利于石墨的插层、氧 化，其层间距可达 8.2773nm 。 2. 采用水合肼还原法制备石墨烯。采用 XRD 、FT-IR 、FESEM 及 TEM 对石 墨烯进行了表征，HRTEM 照片表明，所制备的石墨烯为 3-5 层；以其作为电极 材料，其比电容达 136.6F/g；同时，研究了水合肼还原制备石墨烯过程中的影 响因素。 3. 采用低温热膨胀法制备了石墨烯，并对其进行了 XRD 、FT-IR 、Raman 及 FESEM 表征。 关键词： 氧化石墨 石墨烯 制备 表征 电化学性能 ABSTRACT As a new carbon material, graphene possesses excellent physical, chemical and mechanical performance, such as good electrical and thermal conductivity, high specific surface area, and high mechanical strength,which make it a good electrode material.In this thesis, graphene was prepared by oxidation-reduction method, and treated as a electrod material. Its electrochemical performance was detected.The following are the main content in this thesis. 1. Infulence factors which effect on the prepareation of graphite oxide were researched, which were including partical size and uniformity, oxidant amount, and reaction temperature. The experimental results show that reaction temperature had a maximal infulence on the oxidation degree of graphite. It was preferable for intercalation and oxidation of graphite in low reaction temperature, and layer spacing of graphite oxide could reach 8.2773nm. At the same time, influence factors which effect on the preparation of graphene by reduction with hydrazine hydrate. 2. Graphene was prepared by reduction method with hydrazine hydrate, and was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, FESEM and TEM. The graphene was 3-5 layers observed by HRTEM. As a electrode material, its capacitance was 136.6F/g. 3. Graphene was prepared by thermal expansion method in low temp