材料科学基础课后习题答案7.doc

SOLUTION FOR CHAPTER 7 1. FIND: Label the phase fields in Figure HP7-1. SOLUTION: There are two regions of single phase equilibrium separated by a region of two-phase equilibrium. The line separating the single phase liquid from the two phase liquid and solid region is called the liquidus, and the line separating the two phase liquid and solid from the single phase solid is called the solidus. SKETCH: 2. FIND: The name given to the type of equilibrium diagram shown in Fig. HP7-1. SOLUTION: The diagram is termed isomorphous. Above the liquidus there is only one phase, namely the liquid, and it has the same structure regardless of composition. Below the solidus is the solid phase, and as well it has the same structure regardless of composition. 3. FIND: What is the crystal structure of component B, why? SOLUTION: There are no phase boundaries below the solidus consequently the phase and therefore the structure must be the same. If A is FCC, then B and all compositions between A and B must be the same phase and hence same structure. If A is FCC, then B must also be FCC. 4. FIND: Sketch equilibrium cooling curves for alloy Xo and pure component B. Explain why they have different shapes. SOLUTION: The slope of the temperature versus time behavior for the alloy in the single phase region is controlled by the cooling rate and the heat transferred from the liquid. At the liquidus temperature a small amount of solid is formed, releasing an amount of latent heat of fusion related to the volume of solid transformed. Hence, at the liquidus temperature there will be a change in slope. Since heat is being generated the slope will be less than that above the liquidus. As the temperature is reduced through the two-phase region a small amount of solid is formed and a corresponding heat released; once the solidus temperature is reached no additional transformation takes place and there is again a change in slope. The slope is greater as the solid cools than as t