英语语言学笔记2的.pptVIP

4. Finish all exercises in chapter 2. 5. Preview Chapter 3. THANK YOU! 4. Free variation Free variation—when the same word has two or more sounds which occur in the same position without change of meaning, these sounds are called free variation. (P 39) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 5. Distinctive features p40 A distinctive feature is a phonetic property which can distinguish one phoneme from another or one group of phonemes from another group. For example, voicing is a distinctive feature for English obstruents (阻塞音), including stops, fricatives and affricates. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 5 Distinctive features Distinctive feature—the phonetic feature that distinguishes one phoneme from another in a language. The minimal pair given bellow illustrate a distinctive feature in the phonological system of English: bat/mat The difference in meaning between the two is due only to the difference in nasality between [b] and [m]. [b] and [m] are identical in all features except for the fact that [b] is oral ([－nasal]) and [m] is nasal ([+nasal]). Thus, nasality is a distinctive feature of English consonants. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 6. Syllables and consonant clusters Syllable Onset Rime (rhyme) Nucleus (peak) Coda Consonant(s) Vowel Consonant(s) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile . Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 6. Syllables and consonant clusters Syllable—a unit in speech which is usually longer than one sound and smaller than a whole word, e.g. terminology Different languages may have different syllable structures. In English, the onset position may be empty or filled by a cluster of as many as three consonants (spray, scream, strange, thread), while coda position