气体动力学第三讲 控制体分析2.ppt

Lecture 3: Control Volume Analysis 2 The Stagnation Concept In any adiabatic no-work steady one-dimensional flow system, the stagnation enthalpy remains constant, irrespective of the losses. You should note that the stagnation state is a reference state that may or may not actually exist in the flow system. Lecture 3: Control Volume Analysis 2 The Stagnation Concept Also, one must realize that when the frame of reference is changed, stagnation conditions change, although the static conditions remain the same. Lecture 3: Control Volume Analysis 2 Stagnation pressure-energy equation If we consider a infinitesimal process, Even though the stagnation states do not actually exist, they represent legitimate thermodynamic state Lecture 3: Control Volume Analysis 2 The Stagnation Concept Recall the energy equation written in the form By substituting dht Recall that the stagnation pressure–energy equation: Lecture 3: Control Volume Analysis 2 The Stagnation Concept Consider what happens under the following assumptions: (a) There is no shaft work , δws = 0 (b) There is no heat transfer , dse = 0 (c) There are no losses, dsi = 0 Under these conditions Lecture 3: Control Volume Analysis 2 The Stagnation Concept Note that, in general, the total pressure will not remain constant; only under a special set of circumstances will equation (3.27) hold true. What are these circumstances? Many flow systems are adiabatic and contain no shaft work. For these systems, and the losses are clearly reflected by a change in stagnation pressure. Will the stagnation pressure increase or decrease if there are losses in this system? Group Exercises 3 Problems 2.9, 2.14 and 2.15 on page 47 Lecture 3: Control Volume Analysis 2 Q A! Lecture 2: Control Volume Analysis * Prof. Yancheng You(尤延铖) yancheng.you@xmu.edu.cn Lecture 3: Control Volume Analysis 2 Control Volume Analysis (continue) Conservation of Energy Comme