汉译英增词和减词.ppt

增译法和减译法 Amplification and Omission 教学目的要求：在汉译英中能熟练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。 教学重点：增词法和减词法（代词和连词） 教学难点：汉语排比句的翻译，使用减词法。 ?一、为了保证语法结构的完整： 代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。 1．大作收到，十分高兴。 I am very glad to have received your writing. 2．没有调查就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. 3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。 After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 4． 我们响应了祖国的号召。 We responded to the call of our motherland. 5．她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes. 6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。 The children take their lunch to school every day. 7． 我们的心永远向着祖国。 Our hearts are always towards our motherland. 连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。 1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 2． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 3．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买东西。 Men and women, old and young in the village, all liked shopping in that small supermarket. 4． 我妈妈来了，我得回去了。 My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now. 5．送君千里，终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. 介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。 1．我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。 We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country. 2．?你白天还是晚上飞广州？ Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night? 3．?那我们山脚见吧。 Let’s meet at the foot of the hill. 增补冠词 汉语里无冠词。有冠词是英语的特点之一，名词前一般都有冠词，汉译英时要增补冠词。 她不把他当阿公，而当作亲爹。 She considered him not a father-in-law but a father. 我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved. 二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。 文中暗含的意思： 1．大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。 Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard. 2．要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. 添加注释性的词语： 1．班门弄斧 Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Luban, the master carpenter. Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter. 2．三个臭皮匠，合成一个