法国革命和第一次工业革命.pptVIP

Locomotive The industrial factory The factory became the chief means of organizing labor for the new machines. Factory owners create a system of time-work discipline in which employees became accustomed to working regular, unvarying hours. They resorted to tough methods to accomplish their goals. Factory regulations were minute and detailed. ( Discipline in the new factories in p364) The Great Exhibition: Britain in 1851 In 1851, the British organized the world’s first industrial fair. It was housed at Kensington in London in the Crystal Palace, an enormous structure made entirely of glass and iron, a tribute to British engineering skills. It covered 19 acres and contained 100,000 exhibits. The Great Exhibition displayed Britain’s wealth to the World, it was a gigantic symbol of British success. The Crystal Palace The Spread of Industrialization Industrialization spread from Great Britain to the Continental countries of Europe and America. First to be industrialized on the Continent were Belgium, France, and the German states and then is the United States. Industrialization on the Continent Hurdles: lack of technical knowledge Advantage: They could simply borrow British techniques and practices. The government gave lots of support. ( Governments provided for the costs of technical, education, awarded grants to inventors and foreign entrepreneurs, exempted foreign industrial equipment from imports duties, and even financed factories.) The Industrial Revolution in the United States In 1800, the United States was an agrarian society. By 1860, the population of the United States increased rapidly. The initial application of machinery to production was accomplished by borrowing from Great Britain. The United States was a large country, thousands of miles of roads and canals were built linking east and west. The transportation revolution turned