浪漫主义音乐(西方文化).ppt

ROMANTICISMMusic Background The Early Romantics The Later Romantics—Middle of the 19th Century The Romantic Movement in music, which dominated the period about 1830 to about 1900,was not an isolated phenomenon. It was merely part of a general movement, which, all over Europe, especially in Germany and France, affected all arts. It is noticeable that at this period the arts of literature and painting began to exercise more directly and powerfully than ever before, an influence upon that of music, resulting in the creation of a vast amount of program music and such expressive compositions as art songs and various operas. Romantic music allowed freedom of form and stress strong feeling, imagination, the love of nature and the use of national folk rhythms. Schubert, Chopin, Schumann, and Mendelssohn were among the early Romantics, with Beethoven as their forerunner. ? Ludwig van Beethoven (1770—1827) German composer. In his youth he had absorbed the spirit of Kant’s philosophy and Schiller’s enthusiasm for art as a force to elevate mankind. Throughout his life Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music ideas of a moral nature. He inherited what Haydn and Mozart had skillfully developed in musical composition, and started and rose from where the two men left off to those proud summits where none but he was destined to reach. He played a more decisive role in the evolution of music than any other single figure, not excepting Bach.  His most important contributions to the musical world were in those musical forms associated with the growth of the sonata. He brought to it depths of expressiveness it had not known before, especially in the composition of the symphony, which was to emerge fully as a repository for a composer’s most important ideas. His Symphony No.6 (Pastoral) marked the beginning of 19th-century program music. His treatment of the piano established it as an instrument quite distinct in range of expression and sustai