灾害学课程论文(正版).doc

华北科技学院 课程总结论文 垃圾灾害之城市垃圾 学号： 姓名： 班级： 垃圾灾害之城市垃圾 摘要：全球的城市化率已超过50%。伴随城市化的进程,全球垃圾态势十分明显—其产生量飞速增长。1997年全世界产生垃圾4.9×108t。我国是世界上垃圾包袱最重的国家，人均每年垃圾产量440公斤。尤其是城市垃圾的二次污染，导致城乡结合带区域生态环境恶化。全国城市垃圾处理的总体水平还很落后，管理体制不顺、经费不足、垃圾处理的科技水平和基础设施落后，远不能适应城市建设、管理和环境保护需要。形成一个“垃圾产生量增加－环境污染加重－治理费用上升－财政资金不足”的恶性循环，是人类自己为自己造就的灾害。本篇文章详细的介绍了垃圾定义、来源以及危害，特别是垃圾对于人类自身的危害是相当严重的，易诱发遗传毒性、发育毒性以及肿瘤等疾病，况且也是一些传播性疾病的载体。然后通过对国内外城市生活垃圾的产生情况以及组成，详细阐述了垃圾的源头，从而引出了城市生活垃圾无害化处理的必要性与意义。通过对比一些现有城市生活垃圾处理技术，如填埋处理、堆肥处理、焚烧处理、热解处理、固化处理等措施的比较，体现了我国垃圾处理技术的现状；为此，本文通过对现有城市生活垃圾处理热点技术EM菌技术的叙述，EM菌处理通过对有机垃圾是发酵分解过程，经过新陈代谢作用生成对于人类或动植物有用的有机营养，放出氧气，所以恶臭就消除了，还放出芳香味；以及另一项模糊数学决策法垃圾处理技术为热点，模糊数学决策法是基于模糊集理论的决策方法,该方法根据模糊综合评判结论进行系统决策,其基本原理下文有详细阐述。并且针对现有的处理措施提出了中国垃圾处理的资源化、产业化和加强环境保护的宣传教育，提高广大人民的环境保护意识等改进措施。 关键词：垃圾；城市；危害；处理 Abstract: Global urbanization rate more than 50% along with the process of urbanization, the waste discharge situation obviously its rapid growth.In 1997 4.9 108 t produce garbage all over the world.Garbage in China is the worlds heaviest burden countries, per capita waste output was 440 kg a year.Secondary pollution, especially urban waste leads to the deterioration of the eco-environment belt between urban and rural areas.The overall level of national urban garbage disposal is still very backward, management system, inadequate garbage disposal technology and poor infrastructure, far can not adapt to the urban construction management and environmental protection needs.Form a garbage output increased - rising cost of environmental pollution aggravating - - a vicious cycle of fiscal capital insufficiency, is the human of disaster created by himself.This article detailed introduces the spam definition sources and harm, especially the garbage for human harm is quite serious, easy to cause developmental toxicity and genetic toxicity diseases such as tumors, and also some transmitted carrier of the disease.Then through to the city life garbage production and composition both at home and abroad, expounds on the waste source, which leads t