环戊烷 环己烷 英文版.ppt

Introduction Cyclohexane? Introduction Cyclohexane?is a?cycloalkane?with the molecular formula?(CH2)6. Cyclohexane is mainly used for the industrial production of?adipic acid?and?caprolactam, which are precursors to?nylon. Cyclohexane is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Production and reactions. On an industrial scale, cyclohexane is produced by?hydrogenation?of?benzene. Producers of cyclohexane accounts for approximately 11.4% of global demand for benzene.?The reaction is highly exothermic. Dehydrogenation commenced noticeably above 300 °C, reflecting the favorable entropy for dehydrogenation. Uses. Commercially most of cyclohexane produced is converted into?cyclohexanone–cyclohexanol?mixture by catalytic oxidation. KA oil is then used as a raw material for?adipic acid?and?caprolactam. Laboratory uses. Cyclohexane is sometimes used as a nonpolar organic solvent. Cyclohexane is also used for calibration of?differential scanning calorimetry?(DSC) instruments, because of a convenient crystal-crystal transition at ?87.1 °C. Heat treating equipment manufacturer?Surface Combustion?uses cyclohexane as a gas in their high purity vacuum carburizing furnaces. Laboratory uses. Cyclopentane Laboratory uses. abstract Cyclopentane is a highly flammable alicyclic hydrocarbon with chemical formula C5H10 , consisting of a ring of five carbon atoms each bonded with two hydrogen atoms above and below the plane. Laboratory uses. It occurs as a colorless liquid with a petrol-like odor. Its melting point is ?94 °C and its boiling point is 49 °C. Cyclopentane is in the class of cycloalkanes, being alkanes that have one or more rings of carbon atoms. Laboratory uses. The typical structure of cyclopentane is the envelope conformation. Laboratory uses. It is formed by cracking cyclohexane in the presence of alumina at a high temperature and pressure. It was first prepared