生物材料1.ppt

《生 物 材 料》 ——材料化学 课 程 主 要 内 容 绪论：生物材料的发展史及应用前景 材料的基础知识 医用金属材料 医用陶瓷材料 医用高分子材料 生物材料性能、安全 生物材料的表面改性 生物材料在医学中的应用 生物组织结构与性能 第一章 生物材料的发展史及应用前景 A Little History on Biomaterials Romans, Chinese, and Aztecs used gold in dentistry over 2000 years ago, Cu not good. Ivory wood teeth Aseptic（无菌） surgery 1860 (Lister) Bone plates 1900, joints 1930 Turn of the century, synthetic plastics came into use WWII, shards of PMMA unintentionally got lodged into eyes of aviators Parachute cloth（降落伞布） used for vascular prosthesis（人工血管） 1960- Polyethylene and stainless steel（不锈钢） being used for hip implants（髋关节植入体） Evolution of Biomaterials Tissue engineering can be defined as “an interdisciplinary field(学科领域) that applies the principles of engineering and the life sciences towards the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function” First Generation Implants “ad hoc” implants specified by physicians using common and borrowed materials most successes were accidental rather than by design Second generation implants engineered implants using common and borrowed materials developed through collaborations of physicians and engineers built on first generation experiences used advances in materials science (from other fields) Artificial Hip Joints Third generation implants bioengineered implants using bioengineered materials few examples on the market some modified and new polymeric devices many under development Substitute Heart Valves A biomaterial is any substance (other than drugs) or combination of substances synthetic or natural in origin, which can be used for any period of time, as a whole or as a part of a system which treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ, or function of the body.Biocompatibility — The ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application Host Response — The response of the host organism (local and systemic) to the implanted material or device. Keywords Metallic/glass/Pol