生物英语翻译第一章.doc

Biology literally means “the study of life”. Biology is such a broad field, covering the minute workings of chemical machines inside our cells, to broad scale concepts of ecosystem and global climate change. Biologists study intimate details of the human brain, the composition of our genes, and even functioning of our reproductive system. Biologist recently all but completed the deciphering of human genome, the sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) bases that may determine much of our innate capabilities and predispositions to certain forms of behavior and illnesses. DNA sequence have played major roles in criminal cases (O. J. Simpson, as well as the reversal of death penalties for many wrongfully convicted individuals), as well as the impeachment of President Clinton (the stain at least did not lie). We are bombarded with headlines about possible health risks from favorite foods (Chinese, Mexican, hamburgers, etc.) as well as the potential benefit of eating other foods such as cooked tomatoes. Informercials tout the benefits of metabolism-adjusting drug for weight loss. Many Americans are turning to herbal remedies to ease arthritis pain, improve memory, as well as improve our moods. 生物的字面意思是“研究生命的学科”。生物事业如此宽广的领域，包含了小到我们细胞内部工作着的化学机构，大到生态系统的概念和全球气候变化。生物学家研究人类的大脑奥秘，我们基因的组成和甚至我们的生殖系统的运行。生物学家最近几乎完成了人类基因组的破解，可能决定许多我们的先天能力和倾向于某种行为和疾病形成的核苷酸碱基序列。DNA序列在刑事案件中有重要作用（许多错判案件的死刑的撤销），还有克林顿总统的弹劾（污点至少没有撒谎）。我们被来自风味食品的可能健康隐患和使用其他食物例如煮番茄存在的潜在益处这样的过量信息轰炸着。商业信息片为招揽顾客对减肥要有点的吹嘘。许多美国人正在倾向于中药疗法来缓解关节炎疼痛，提高记忆力和舒缓心情。 Robert Hooke (1635-1703), one of the first scientists to use microscope to examine pond water, cork and other things, referred to the cavities he saw in cork as “cell”, Latin for chambers. Mattias Schleiden (in 1838) concluded all plant tissues consisted of cells. In 1839, Theodore Schwann came to a similar conclusion for animal tissues. Rudolf Virchow, in 1858, combined the two ideas and added that cells come from pre-existing cells, formulating the Cell Theory. Thus there is a