电工最常见电路故障.ppt

Possible increase in vertical thermohaline circulation rate may be due to decrease in sea ice and warmer sea surface temperatures Polar regions nutrients SiO2-rich plankton favored over CaCO3-rich plankton deep nutrient-rich Fast downward flux of surface water Higher production but less efficient Fast upward migration of nutrient-rich water SCO2 CO2 (water) CO2 (air) Bacterial degradation of plankton Still plenty of time for mineralization to CO2 Sea Ice as a sensitive indicator of climate change As atmosphere and surface seawater temps increase, sea ice coverage should decline Loss of sea ice results in less reflection of energy from sun to atmosphere and more absorption of energy in ocean surface waters Sea ice production leads to Antarctic bottom water production, which influences global ocean circulation Antarctic land mass Sea ice Ocean surface Cold surface water sinks to bottom of ocean and migrates toward equator Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) Oxidation product of dimethylsulfide (DMS) which is produced by marine phytoplankton in the sea ice zone that is retained in ice cores. Controlled by sea-air exchange the proportion of Dimethylsulfide oxidized to MSA atmospheric transport to ice core site MSA is a measure of winter sea ice extent Ref: Wolff, E.W. Whither Antarctic Sea Ice. 2003. Science 302:1203-1206 Sea ice at Law Dome Ice has retreated more than 1o latitude since 1950 does not reflect a clear temperature trend in this region may reflect a trend around entire Antarctic continent. Sea Ice at Law Dome Salt concentration in ice cores may act as a new proxy of past sea ice production aerosols formed from sea ice surface is deposited in coastal ice cores Climate Change Lecture 14 东莞电工培训 /training-215.html Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse gases absorb electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet) at wavelengths similar to the wavelengths of their molecular vibrational frequencies Outgoing infrared terrestrial radiation is absorbed by ozone, carbon dioxide, methane,