语言学复习资料PPT绝对有用.ppt

* 4.2 Interpersonal function In the framework of functional grammar, the interpersonal function is concerned with interaction between the addresser and addressee in the discourse situation e.g. Dear Sir, Dear Professor, Johnny, yours, your obedient servant * Language reflects: identity (age, sex, personality, intelligence); Geography (accents and dialects ); social class, status, role, distance. * 4.3 Performative function Behavior or word? Eg. I now declare the meeting open. I bet you two pounds it will rain tomorrow. * 4.4 Emotive function To relieve God, My, Damn it, What a sight, Wow, Ugh, Oh. * 4.5 Phatic communion（感情交融） Phatic communion refers to the social interaction of language For example Mrs. P sneezes violently. Mrs. Q: Bless you. Mrs. P: Thank you. * Different cultures have different topics of phatic communion. Chinese: Eaten? Rundi women (in Burundi, Central Africa), upon taking leave, routinely and politely say “I must go home now, or my husband will beat me.” * 4.6 Recreational function songs * 5. What is Linguistics? The scientific study of human language Aims of linguistic theory: What is knowledge of language? (Competence) How is knowledge of language acquired? (Acquisition) How is knowledge of language put to use? (Performance/language processing) * Important distinctions in linguistics Descriptive vs. prescriptive Synchronic vs. diachronic Langue parole Competence and performance * Prescriptive vs Descriptive linguistics Prescriptive(规约): lay down rules Descriptive: describe and analyze * Synchronic vs. diachronic A synchronic共时 description takes a fixed view. Most grammars are of this kind. （Language is static） Diachronic历时linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.（Language is developing） * Langue 语言 parole 言语 Langue: linguistic system shared by all members Parole: actual use of language abstract-concrete Stable-unstable Theoretical-factual * 6. Main branches of linguistics Phonetics P