加拿大土著社会剧烈变动.ppt

Indian Shaman[`?eim?n] 印第安萨满巫师 Thus, their old tradition ( despise accumulation of property) was abandoned. 这样，他们轻财物积累的古老习惯就被抛弃了 Hunting like this made the ecological balance quickly destroyed, and the beaver quickly died out. 这种捕猎方法使生态平衡很快遭到破坏，海狸迅速消亡 European explorers and merchants brought the virus , such as smallpox, measles.[·mi:z?lz] ，cholera [·k?l?r?] ，influenza virus etc. 欧洲探险家和商人带来的天花、麻疹、霍乱、流感等病毒 The virus spreaded in the indigenous people rapidly, because they have no immune competency.[·k?mpit(?)nsi] . 在毫无免疫能力的土著人中迅速传播 So many people died that there were no time to bury them . 人口死亡之多，简直来不及掩埋 A large-scale smallpox epidemic destroyed nine – tenth of Ottawa’s villages to the north of Michigan, 密歇根湖以北渥太华人的村落，十之八九毁于大规模的天花传染 the root was the mysterious box filled with brown powder British businessman gave them . 原因是因为英国商人给了他们一个盛有褐色粉末的神秘盒子 Algonquin[?l`ɡ??kwin] 阿尔冈昆人 Huron [`hj?r?n, -ɑn] 休伦人 Great Lakes/ Finger lakes Children need to be taken off their clothes and beaten, then they will believe in God” “儿童需要脱光衣服痛打，才能改信上帝” Violent changes in the society of indigenous people土著人社会剧烈变动 1、Commercial invasion involved the indigenous society into the whirlpool of commercial fraud. 商业入侵将土著社会卷入了商业欺诈的漩涡 2、The arrival of Europeans changed their religious beliefs\ culture and values. 欧洲人的到来改变了他们的宗教信仰和文化价值观。 Violent changes in the society of indigenous people土著人社会剧烈变动 3、The invasion of European destroyed the foundation of the production and life of indigenous peoples. 欧洲人的入侵破坏了土著民族生产和生活的基础 4、The spread of infections by Europeans is a serious disaster for indigenous people, resulting in a rapid decline in population. 欧洲人带来的传染病是土著人更大的灾难，造成人口快速减少 Violent changes in the society of indigenous people土著人社会剧烈变动 5、European colonist abeted the most powerful indigenous peoples fighting with each other 欧洲殖民者挑唆加拿大最强大的土著民族之间互相厮杀 6、In addition to the indirect slaughter[`sl?:t?], the colonists also take part in direct slaughter. 除了间接屠杀外，殖民者还参与直接屠杀。 Violent changes in