第四讲 英语从句.ppt

The news that our team has won the match is true. 我队已赢得比赛的消息是真的。 He presented evidence that his article was based on original research. 它提供了他的论文是根据他的原始研究撰写的证据。 His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 他耽搁/迟到了是因为车在 (半) 路上出了毛病。 2.同位语从句通常 that 引导，但随着与其同位的名词不同，也可由 whether, when, where, what, how, why 等词引导。 They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work. 他们面临着是否要继续那项工作的问题。 I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道 他什么时间回来。 I have some doubt (as to) whether he is suitable for the job. (对于他是否合适做这项工作 我有些怀疑/担心。) 3.当主句谓语较短时，同位语从句常被主句谓语分隔开置于其后。例如： An idea occurred to him that he might do the experiment in another way. 一个用另一种方法做此实验的想法出现在他的脑中。/他有了用另一种方法做此实验的想法。 The rumor spread that a new school would be built there. 据传那里要建一所新学校。 The suggestion came from the chairperson that the rule (should) be revised. 主席建议那条规则应该修改。 ⑴ 从意义上讲，同位语从句是对一个与其同位的名词加以补充说明，而定语从句则是对一个名词进行修饰与限定。 ⑵ 从结构上说，同位语从句与其前面的同位语是逻辑上的“主+系+表”关系。在使用频率最高的连接词 that 引导的同位语从句中，that 不作任何语法成分，只起连接引导作用，[注：在由连接代词或连接副词引导的同位语从句中，连接代/副词要在从句中担任一定的语法成分]，而在由关系代词 that 引导的定语从句中，that 必定要担任一定的语法成分。试比较： 同位语从句 与 定语从句 区别 The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong. 不动脑筋就能做这项工作的想法是错误的。 [在上句中，idea 之后的是同位语从句，that 在从句中不担当任何语法成分。] The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong. 你在会上提出的想法是错误的。 [在上句中，idea 之后的是定语从句，因为 that 在从句中担任宾语。] ● 请指出下列句中哪些是定语从句，哪些是同位语从句： It is a fact that she has done her best. It is a fact that you can’t deny (否认). The news that he told me is really encouraging. The news that he has won the game is really encouraging. Part Two Attributive Clause 定 语 从 句 定语从句(又称“形容词性从句”或“关系从句”)，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可用来修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫做“先行词”，定语从句通常跟在先行词的后面，由“关系代词”或“关系副词”引导。 关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose 等 关系副词有：when, where, why 等 关系代/副词除了用于引导定语从句外，还代替先行词在定语从句中担任一定的语法成分，如主语、宾语、定语和状语等。例如： The man who wrote this book is a famous sci