管理学原理 Ch10 Motivating Employees.ppt

Overview of the Chapter 1. Understanding Motivation The Motivation Process 2. Early Theories of Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs McGregor’s Theories X and Y Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory 3. Contemporary Theories of Motivation Theory of Learned Needs Equity Theory Expectancy Theory Goal-Setting Theory Reinforcement Theory Designing Motivating Jobs 4. Contemporary Issues of Motivation 1. Understanding Motivation Motivation Is the result of an interaction between the person and a situation; not a personal trait. Is the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained towards attaining a goal. Energy: a measure of intensity or drive. Direction: toward organizational goals Persistence: exerting effort to achieve goals. Motivation works best when individual needs are compatible with organizational goals. The Motivation Equation 2. Early Theories of Motivation Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs McGregor’s Theories X and Y Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory 2.1 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham H. Maslow 1908-1970 马斯洛 American Needs were categorized as five levels of lower- to higher-order needs. Individuals must satisfy lower-order needs before they can satisfy higher order needs. Satisfied needs will no longer motivate. Innate growth forces constantly create upward movement in the hierarchy unless basic needs remain unmet indefinitely. Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level that person is on the hierarchy. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 2.2 McGregor and Theory X Theory Y Douglas McGregor 1906 -1964 麦克雷戈 American They describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation McGregors work was based on Maslows hierarchy of needs. lower order needs (Theory X), higher order needs (Theory Y) He suggested that management could use either set of needs to motivate employees Theory X and Theory Y 2.3 Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory Frederick I. Herzberg 1923–2000 赫茨伯格 American Hygiene factors Extrinsic (environmental) factors