管理学课件第4章 Managing in a Global Environment.ppt

Managing in a Global Environment Challenges Coping with the sudden appearance of new competitors Acknowledging cultural, political, and economic differences Dealing with increased uncertainty, fear, and anxiety Adapting to changes in the global environment Avoiding parochialism Adopting a Global Perspective Ethnocentric Attitude(本国中心论) The parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country.母国（公司总部所在国）的工作方式和惯例是最好的。 Polycentric Attitude (多国中心论) The view that the managers in the host country know the best work approaches and practices for running their business.东道国（组织在母国之外经营业务的国家）的管理人员知道经营业务的最佳工作方式和惯例。 Geocentric Attitude (全球中心论) A world-oriented view that focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe.在世界范围内选用最佳方式和最优秀人才。 Regional Trading Agreements The European Union (EU) A unified economic and trade entity Belgium, Denmark, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Finland, and Sweden Economic and monetary union (Euro) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Eliminated barriers to free trade (tariffs, import licensing requirements, and customs user fees) United States, Canada, and Mexico European Union Countries European Union Countries 东扩前的十五国：奥地利、比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英国 新入盟的10个东欧国家：匈牙利、波兰、捷克、斯洛文尼亚、斯洛伐克、爱沙尼亚、立陶宛、拉脱维亚、马耳他、塞浦路斯 2007年1月1日罗马尼亚和保加利亚加入欧盟 ASEAN Members 10个（截至2009年底）： 　　文莱（1984年）、柬埔寨（1999年）、印度尼西亚、老挝（1997年）、马来西亚、缅甸（1997年）、菲律宾、新加坡、泰国、越南（1995年）。 　　总面积约446万平方公里，人口约5.6亿。 　　观察员国：巴布亚新几内亚。 　　候选成员国：东帝汶。 总部 　　东盟秘书处设在印度尼西亚首都雅加达。 Regional Trading Agreements (cont’d) Free Trade Area of the Americas Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Trading alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations African Union The World Trade Organization (WTO) Evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1995. Functions as the only global organization deal