综合英语BookIII_Unit11.pptVIP

Unit 11 Shaka — King of the Zulus 郧阳师专英语系综合英语教研室 Contents I Background information II Structure of the text III Main idea of the text IV Questions on the text V Language points of the text Background knowledge I. A map of Zululand祖鲁兰(旧时为祖鲁王国Zulu Kingdom ) Zululand---the dark green colour in the map 1. The Zulu Nation – A Brief History The Zulu are a proud tribe native to the KwaZuluNatal province of South Africa. Historically the Zulu were a mighty warrior nation and are believed to be descendants of the patriarch Zulu, the son of a Nguni chief in the Congo basin in central Africa. Apartheid textbooks taught that South Africa was virtually empty of human habitation when colonized by the Dutch in 1652. The reality is that the Zulu people began to migrate towards their present location in Natal during the 16th century. A crucial turning point in Zulu history occurred during the reign of Shaka as king of the Zulu’s from 1816 to 1828. Prior to his rule the Zulu’s consisted of numerous clans that were related but disorganised. Shaka was a mighty and fearsome warrior and united the clans into a single powerful tribe. He introduced a new system of military organisation and revolutionised his army’s weaponry and military tactics. He introduced new battle formations that left his enemies outflanked and confused. He was a strict and brutal disciplinarian, soldiers were required to remain celibate and a violation of this rule was punishable by death. Shaka increased the power of his tribe. Conquered clans and tribes were incorporated into the Zulu nation and in eleven years he increased their number from 1500 people to 50 000 warriors alone. From the time of Shaka onwards, the Zulu’s fought many wars to keep from being dominated by the British settlers. The final Zulu uprising before succumbing to the British was lead by Chief Bambatha in 1906. From then on the tribe that had once been master of much of the eastern coastal regions and interior of South Africa, was sub