美国司法英语PPT.ppt

美国联邦法院是根据美国宪法和美国法律成立的法院。其中美国宪法只指明要成立最高法院，其余法院由美国国会授权成立。 美国联邦法院是美国联邦政府的一部份，可分为普通法院和专门法院。普通法院分为三级， The federal judiciary of the United States is one of the three co-equal branches of the Federal government of the United States organized under the United States Constitution and laws of the federal government. Article III of the Constitution requires the establishment of a Supreme Court and permits the Congress to create other federal courts, and place limitations on their jurisdiction. Article III Federal judges are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate to serve until they resign, are impeached and convicted, retire, or die. 美国最高法院（英语：Supreme Court of the United States），一般是指美国联邦最高法院。它是美国最高级别的联邦法院。 实际上，美国各个州还有地方的最高法院。它们属于美国地方法院，与美国联邦最高法院不相隶属。各州最高法院的组成方法和司法领域互相也不尽相同。 Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States was established pursuant to Article III of the United States Constitution in 1789 as the highest federal court in the United States. 美国联邦最高法院由9个大法官组成。每个大法官都是由美国总统提名，经过参议院听证后表决批准委任。 9位美国联邦最高法院的大法官中，有1位是美国首席大法官。其产生过程与另外8位大法官一样。美国联邦最高法院大法官像所有美国联邦法官一样，其任期是无限的。 The Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Once appointed, justices have life tenure unless they resign, retire, take senior status, or are removed after impeachment (though no justice has ever been removed). 美国联邦上诉法院经常被看作为美国司法系统中最具有影响力的法院之一。因其具有创建判例及听取地区法院上诉的权责，所以上诉法院对于美国司法有着极大的影响。由于美国最高法院每年仅接受少于100个司法案件的上诉，因此大多数案件的终审判决均来自于美国上诉法院。 虽然美国联邦上诉法院常被称作为巡回法院，但真正的美国巡回法院（英语：United States circuit court）存在于1789-1911年，两者容易混淆。 United States courts of appeals The United States courts of appeals are considered among the most powerful and influential courts in the United States. Because of their ability to set legal precedent in regions that cover millions of Americans, the United States courts of appeals have strong policy influence on U.S. law. Moreover, because the