中国书画的演变技术总结.pptx

中国书画演变 The Development of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy; Chinese Calligraphy Painting - Development - Example - Characteristic ;origin; Historians in the past once tried to prove whether there was a person named Cang Jie in history, and if he did exist, when he lived, but they failed to draw a conclusion due to lack of irrefutable proof.; Evidently the legend of Cang Jie cannot be accepted as the truth, for any script can only be a creation developed by people to meet the needs of social life over a long period of trial and experiment. Chinese characters are a huge and complicated system, and they could only have come into being after a long period of creation and development.; According to modern researchers, the ancestors of the Chinese people tied knots in rope to record events. Later, they adopted sharp weapons to inscribe signs, and developed the earliest form of Chinese characters. Archeologists have found inscribed signs on Neolithic pottery shards in Banpo Village in Shaanxi Province. These signs, dating back to some 6,000 years ago, were possibly the seeds of later Chinese characters. ;半坡土陶;; 甲骨文，又称“契文”、“甲骨卜辞” 殷墟文字或“龟甲兽骨文”。甲骨文记录和反映了商朝的政治和经济情况，主要指中国商朝后期（前14～前11世纪）王室用于占卜吉凶记事而在龟甲或兽骨上契刻的文字，内容一般是占卜所问之事或者是所得结果。殷商灭亡周朝兴起之后，甲骨文还使用了一段时期，是研究商周时期社会历史的重要资料。甲骨文其形体结构已有独立体趋向合体，而且出现了大量的形声字。它上承原始刻绘符号，下启青铜铭文，是汉字发展的关键形态，被称为“最早的汉字”。现代汉字即由甲骨文演变而来。在总共10余万片有字甲骨中，含有4千多不同的文字图形，其中已经识别的约有2500多字。 甲骨文，已具有对称、稳定的格局。有人认为，中国的书法是由甲骨文开始，因为甲骨文已备书法的三个要素，即用笔、结字、章法。; 绝大部分甲骨文发现于中国安阳市殷墟。但甲骨文并非商代特有，早在商朝之前就已经存在。考古研究发现殷商甲骨文极有可能源自8500年前河南裴李岗文化遗址的贾湖契刻符号，并且有过渡文字——斗门镇花园村甲骨文。 从字体的数量和结构方式来看，甲骨文已经是发展到了有较严密系统的文字了。汉字的“六书”原则，在甲骨文中都有所体现。但是原始图画文字的痕迹还是比较明显。;金文;金文（钟鼎文）：殷代图像金文，先秦称铜为金，故铸刻在青铜器上的文字叫做金文，又叫钟鼎文、彝器款识。 与甲骨文相比，金文象形程度更高，显示了更古的文字面貌。金文填实的写法，使形象生动逼真，浑厚自然。与甲骨文笔道细、直笔多、转折处多为方形有所不同，金文笔道肥粗，弯笔多，团块多。周宣王时铸成的《毛公鼎》上的金文很具有代表性，其铭文共32行，497字，是出土的青铜器铭文最