动词名词化结构.docVIP

名词化的结构 名词化结构主要是以英语名词短语代替汉语一个句子,它可以避免人称主语,从而防止句子结构过于臃肿。法律英语常用结构复杂的长句。从句子特征来看,还是名词结构占优势,而不是从句或动词的优势。 （1）The buyer shall furnish ocean vessels for the transportation of the rice under this contract. （2）The buyers shall give the notice of the vessel’s name beforehand. （3）The storage of the rice shall be done in the way stated. （4）A certificate is needed attesting the existence of such event. 1.动词的名词化 作为一种专用英语,简洁和客观是经贸英语的灵魂,故在一般英语中用动词表示的内容,经贸英语却惯于将动词名词化,并由此产生一个名词化结构,让原来的施动意义隐含在结构的深层里。把动词名词化,表述从“动”转为“静”,语言变得更为客观;使用动词名词化结构,可以替代一个从句甚至一个句子,语言变得更为简洁。 1.1动词名词化的基本形式 就形态变化而言,经贸英语动词的名词化通常有两种:一是后缀派生法,即把-al, -sion, -tion, -ment等后缀分别加在不同的动词词尾,在句法研究中这种词称为动词派生名词(deverbal noun);二是零位派生法(zero derivation),也就是说不借助后缀直接由动词转化为名词,本文将这种词称为动词转类名词(conversion noun)。例如: (1) the conclusion of difficult negotiations (2) the formulation of export sales contracts (3) the participation in GATT (4) the involvement in international economy and trade activities (5) a decline in industrial production and a marked upturn in inflation (6) the fall in the growth rate of the world economy 1.2动词名词化结构的两种形态 动词名词化时,动词原来所带的客体和主体转化为名的修饰语或附加成分后,就构成了一个动词名词化结构,常见的形式有两种: 一是动词原来所带的客体由一个介词(其中及物动词介词of)或不定式符号to引导,接在动词派生名词或动词类名词后面,形成一个后置修饰语,而主体往往以名词的格形式转化为动词派生名词或动词转类名词的前置修饰语 例如: (7) Recently China reduced tariffs substantially. (8) China’s recent substantial reduction of tariffs (9) Ericsson studied the target market carefully. (10) Ericsson’s careful study of the target market (11) The new-to-export firm failed to treat international distributors on an equal basis with domestic counterparts. (12) the new-to-export firm’s failure to treat international distributors on a equal basis with domestic counterparts 二是客体和主体均转化为后置修饰语,客体在前,由一个介词(其中及物动词由介词of)或不定式符号to引导;主在后,通常由介词by引导。例如: (13) Last year Hans Materials Co. Ltd. invested 625 project in China. (14) the investment of 625 projects in China by Hans Materials Co. Ltd. (15) Companies involved in international trade use the host country’s materials, products, facilities and servic