短文改错十见十查.docVIP

???? 短文改错 ????? 短文改错所考查的范围，都属典型、常见的病句，很少出现偏、难、怪句。做这类题，一般要依照考纲要求，对可能出现的病句进行分类，按照结构混乱，成分残缺，用词赘余，搭配不当，词义不通，不合逻辑等进行改错。但以上几种做题要求比较笼统，操作性比较差，效果不太明显。 ?????在学生完全清楚以上做题原则的情况下，最有效的方法是注意每行中的关键词和关键结构。由于这个词或这个结构的存在，人们在运用语言时常常出错，而命题者也往往在这里设错考查。 ?? ?????? ?1. The doctor suggested plenty of food, rest and exercising ?? ?? 句中并列的应是三个结构相同的宾语，但exercising用了动名词形式，与前两个名词不对称，故应改为exercise. ????? 2. She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when l arrived . ????? 主句中并列谓语一个用了过去进行时，一个用了一般过去时，在时态上不一致。应把:“drank ”改为“drinking”。 ??? ??二、见有比较结构，查是否患有形容词、副词的级，程度副词，比较的对象及冠词误用之病。 ??? ? 1. People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past . ?????? ? 比较级形式重复，去掉 more. ??? ? 2. There are more trees in villages than cities. ??????? ?比较的对象有误，应在介词结构“in villages”, “ in cities” 之间对比。故在 cities 前加介词 in.又如：The weather here is colder than in Shanghai. 句中对比的双方是“The weather here”和“The weather in Shanghai”，所以应在 than 后加that ,代替名词the weather,补全对比的双方。但该句也可以这样说：It is colder here than in Shanghai. ???? ?3. In some places you may borrow many books as you want. ??????? 这应是一个包含 as...as 结构的句子，但句中只有一个as，前一个遗漏了，所以要在 many 前加上as。? ?? ?? 三、见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行文逻辑不一致病。 ?? ?? 1. I like singing，my brother likes dancing. ??????? 汉语中有时不需要连词，讲完一个分句接下去讲另一个分句。英语中连词使用比汉语广泛得多。该句应在后一个分句前加 while ,表示对比。 ??? ? 2. A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy, and he ran away. ??????? 男孩跑开了，是因为打破了人家的窗子，而受到喝斥。按逻辑，上下文构成因果关系，所以应把后一个 and 改为so 。 ??? ? 3. Mr. Lee’s company publishes books and he buys books all over the world. ??????? 前后叙述事实矛盾，不合逻辑，应把 buys 改为sells。 ??? ??四、见有多重句，查是否患有时态、语态混乱，引导词不当，成分缺失病。 ???? ?1. I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and is really great to see most of my old friends again. ?????? ?该句后一个分句与前一个分句时态和人称不一致，应把 is 改为 was 。 ???? ?2. Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her. ????? ? 句法成分多余或缺少。可以在 is 前加 who 或去掉 is 。 ???? ?3. And whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you. ???