胚胎发育的细胞增殖和分化.ppt

* 3)化学 化工：亚硝酸盐，汞，铅，等 药物：沙利度胺（阿米莉亚和残肢） * 4) 其它 缺氧 营养不足 ............ * Susceptible period 1) Dependent on the developmental stage. The embryonic period (3-8 weeks) is the highest susceptible period. * 2) Different organs have different susceptible period corresponding to their own critical development stage. * Summary Embryo development: From one single zygote to a complex human body Cell proliferation: Increase of cell numbers (cleavage, etc) Cell differentiation: Formation of different cell types (cell determination) Control factors: gene, cell communication, ECM, hormone, environmental factors 课后参考书籍和文献： 1.医学发育生物学（第三版）刘厚奇 蔡文琴 主编 2. Cockburn K, Rossant J. Making the blastocyst: lessons from the mouse. J Clin Invest. 2010, 120(4): 995-1003. 3.Li X, Zhu L, Yang A, et al. Calcineurin-NFAT signaling critically regulates early lineage specification in mouse embryonic stem cells and embryos. Cell Stem Cell. 2011 Jan 7;8(1):46-58. * * 细胞浆移动，原浆移动 中心体 * * * Stages of mouse and human preimplantation development. (A) In the mouse, the fertilized egg undergoes three rounds of cleavage, producing an eight-cell embryo that then undergoes compaction. From the eight-cell stage onward, cell divisions produce two populations of cells, those that occupy the inside of the embryo and those that are located on the outside. The blastocoel cavity begins to form inside the embryo beginning at the 32-cell stage and continues to expand as the embryo grows and matures into the late blastocyst stage. Cdx2becomes upregulated in outside, future TE cells, starting at the 32-cell stage, while Oct4expression becomes limited to the ICM in the early blastocyst stage. By the late blastocyst stage, while continuing to express Oct4ubiquitously, the ICM contains a population of Nanog-positive EPI cells and a population of Gata6-positive PE cells. (B) Development is similar in the early