第六节膝关节韧带损伤(国外英语资料).docVIP

第六节膝关节韧带损伤(国外英语资料) Sixth knee joint ligament injury Anatomical summary. The joint capsule of the knee is weak and the joint stability mainly depends on ligaments and muscles. The medial collateral ligament was the most important, it is located between the femur and tibia on bare bones, with depth of two layers of fiber. Shallow triangular, very tough; deep fibrous fusion with the joint capsule, part of and connected with the medial meniscus. The lateral collateral ligament comes from the outside of the femur, and its distal end is a healthy structure, which is combined with the joint of the two muscles of the femoral head to join the muscle key structure, and is attached to the fat capitulum. There is a bursa between the lateral collateral ligament and the lateral meniscus. When the knee joint unbend, the bilateral collateral ligament is tight, without adduction, abduction and rotation. When the knee joint is flexed, the ligament gradually relaxes, and the adduction, abduction and rotation of the knee joint also increase. The anterior cruciate ligament arises from the lateral surface of the femoral fossa (i.e., the medial, outer surface of the femur), anteriorly, anteriorly, and below the anterior tibial fossa. When the knee is fully flexed and the internal rotation of the tibia is limited, the ligament is pulled most tightly to prevent the tibia from moving forward. The posterior cruciate ligament arises from the medial surface of the femoral fossa (i.e., the medial lateral surface of the femur) and posteriorly posteriorly to the posterior tibial valley. Knee flexion prevents the tibia from moving backward. Injury mechanism and pathological changes 1. medial collateral ligament injury caused by knee valgus violence. When the knee is subjected to direct violence and the knee joint is violently valgus, it will tear the medial collateral ligament. When the knee joint semi flexion, the sudden abduction of the lower leg, external rotation will also rupture the medial c