自交的演变.ppt

Evolutionary Transitions in Plant Reproductive Systems Hermaphroditism animal pollination outbreeding Wind Pollination Loss of adaptations for animal pollination Dioecy Selfing Spread of sterility mutations Loss of SI Altered floral traits Visitation rate (visits/plant/hour) Visitation rate (visits/plant/hour) Perch length (mm) Floral tube length (mm) Relations between floral tube length, perch length and visitation rate in Babiana ringens subspecies Down regulation of cell development genes in selfers BMC Genomics (2011) 12: 298 Down regulated in selfers Up regulated in selfers 185 GO classes are differentially expressed and significantly enriched 173 are underrepresented and 12 over represented all 12 overabundant gene classes are down regulated in selfers 7 are related to cell structure and development Relaxed selection efficiency in selfers vs. outcrossers due to reduced Ne and increased genetic drift RSCU = relative synonymous codon usage contrasted between high and low expression genes Codon bias Counts of synonymous (PS) and non-synonymous (PN) derived mutations Rob Ness Mathieu Siol ~8000 orthologous sequences ~ 35Mb of protein-coding DNA Small increases in non-synonymous to synonymous changes Values less than one provide evidence of purifying selection; higher values in selfers evidence for accumulation of deleterious genes owing to reduced efficacy of selection * The photographs on the right represent pairs of species that have been the subject of detailed interspecifc comparisons of selfing and outcrossing plants. The reason I am introducing them to you is to demonstrate the incredible diversity It is also to show that there are a suite of floral characteristics associated with…. The selfing syndrome * * * One genus which displays an amazing variety of mating system is a member of the the family Pontedericeae, Eichhornia What you see here are 5 of 8 species of the genus… Which demonstrate not only a diversity of mating s