船舶搁浅的成因及预防与应急措施探讨.doc

船舶搁浅的成因及预防与应急措施探讨 【摘要】 随着世界贸易的迅速发展，作为运输工具的船舶不仅在数量上，而且在吨位上都有很大的增加，使船舶密集程度增大，使受限水域(如港口，航道，狭水道)成为事故的多发地，其中搁浅就是这些海事的主要事故之一。搁浅不仅危害船舶和船员，而且对生态环境也有巨大的损害。如超大型油轮的搁浅，将对污染区域造成巨大的环境灾难。本文通过对搁浅概念、搁浅成因的探讨，总结船舶在航行中搁浅的原因并提出在搁浅事故发生时的脱浅对策及预防措施，本文还在船舶搁浅的现状的基础上，在脱浅应急措施及注意事项等方面提出一些改善的意见和建议，旨在帮助驾驶员及相关人员较准确了解搁浅态势，选择正确的脱浅措施，使船舶顺利脱浅以期将搁浅的损失降到最低 【关键词】 搁浅成因 初始状态 浮力损失 脱浅 The causes and prevention of the vessel ran aground and emergency measures to investigate [Abstract] With the rapid development of the world trade, ships as transport tools, have increased in not only numbers but also tonnages. Insulting more ships density, so more and more traffic incidents take place in restrict areas, such as ports, channels, narrow channels. Grounding is one of its. Grounding damages to vessels, crew numbers and ecology environment, such as the grounding of the monster tankers, which will make huge loss to the polluted area. The following through to the stranded concept and the cause of the stranded to investigate, summarizes the ship ran aground on the voyage of the reasons and puts forward the stranded in the time of the accident prevention measures and countermeasures to take off the shallow, This paper also in the ship is analyzed on the basis of the present situation of the ship the cause of the accident, ship accident emergency measures to take off the shallow and points for attention and then puts forward some improvement in the comments and Suggestions. Designing to help drivers and related personnel more accurate understanding of stranded trend and choosing the right to take off the shallow measures , that the ship can escape from the shallow smoothly as soon as possible with the least loss. [Key words] The cause of the stranded Initial state The loss of buoyancy Take off the shallow 目 录 引言 2 第1章 搁浅的概念与分类 4 1.1搁浅的概念 4 1.2搁浅的分类 4 第2章 船舶搁浅成因 5 2.1导致搁浅的主观原因 5 2.2导致搁浅的客观原因 6 第3章 船舶搁浅的预防措施 9 3.1船员素质的提高 9 3.2航海仪器的正确使用 11 3.3改善通航环境 11 3.4提高航政管理水平 11 第4章 搁浅后的应急措施 12 4.1查明搁浅情况 12 4.2保护