英语主谓“三一致”原则.ppt

0. 何为英语“主谓一致”三原则？ 汉语中不存在主语一致的问题，因而学习英语的中国人在说写英语时常常在主谓一致方面出错。这就是开设此讲座的原因。那么何为英语主谓一致呢？它指的是谓语动词必须和主语在单复数上保持一致，且必须遵循以下三条原则: (1)语法一致：指主语和谓语之间在语法与形式上的一致，意即如主语是复数名词(或代词),谓语就用复数形式；如主语是单数名(代)词或不可数名词，谓语就用单数形式； (2)概念一致：指谓语是用单数还是复数，由主语所表达的意思(或概念)决定，而不受语法形式上的单复数限制；有时主语在语法形式上虽不是复数，但表达的却是复数概念，这时谓语动词就要用复数；反之，有时主语在语法形式上是复数,但表达的却是单数概念，这时谓语动词就要用单数形式。 (3)就近一致：指谓语动词是用单数还是复数，取决于最靠近谓语的主语的数——意即如最靠近谓语的主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数，反之即用复数。 More EXAMPLES for Better Comprehension 【更多的例句以助更好的理解】： 1. Tom and Dick _______ (be) good friends. 2. A singer and dancer ______ (be) present at the party. 3. A dog and a cat never (stay) together peacefully. 4. The soldier and writer ___ (be) talking to the students. 5. Bread and butter ________ (taste) good. 以下这类and连接的词组作主语时,后边的谓语常用单数形式： a needle and thread, fork and knife, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure More EXAMPLES for Better Comprehension 【更多的例句以助更好的理解】： No bird and no beast ______ (be) seen in the bare island. Many a boy and many a girl ______ (have) made such a funny experiment. At Christmas each boy and each girl in that class _____ (be) given a present. Many a student in this class _________ (study) hard. More examples: 1. Pincers/pliers (钳子) are needed for this job. 2. Your glasses fit you well. (你的眼镜很适合你。) 3. Scissors are very dangerous for children. (剪刀对于小孩很危险。) 4. Suspenders are not my favorite. (我不喜欢吊带裤。) 5. One pair of scissors isnt enough for that job. (要完成那项工作一把剪刀不够。) 6. Ten pairs of pliers/pincers (钳子) are needed there. 在 all 用作主语指代人物时，一般被看作复数，谓语动词用复数；在其用来指代整个事件或情况时，一般被看作单数，谓语动词亦用单数。例句如下： 1. All that I want _____ (be) a good English dictionary. 2. All present _____ (be) silent. (所有出席的人都缄口不语。) 3. All _____________ (be) out of danger. 4. All you can do in the future _____ (be) to work even harder in your English study. ★ 概念细化、复习与更多练习 1.在陈述句中,如两个主语由 not only…but also, or, either…or, neithe