基于网络外部性的港口fdi企业与内资港口企业博弈 - scholarmate.doc

基于网络外部性的港口FDI企业与内资港口企业博弈策略研究 张文芬，涂敏，杨家其 （武汉理工大学 交通学院，武汉430063） 摘 要 将港口服务产品的网络外部性和服务质量水平引入到发货人的效用函数中，通过 Hotelling价格竞争模型分析港口FDI企业与内资港口企业的博弈策略行为，分别研究在Nash和Stackelberg 博弈条件下，港口服务价格、收益与网络外部性系数、服务质量水平之间的关系。理论研究的结论表明：港口FDI企业与内资港口企业在Stackelberg条件下的最优定价、均衡收益均大于Nash条件下的最优定价、均衡收益；企业最优定价随网络外部性强度线性递减，随服务水平线性递增；企业均衡收益受服务水平和网络外部性强度的影响，呈现出一定的区间变化规律，处于相同港口外部市场环境下，内资港口企业与港口FDI企业的服务策略选择和侧重点不相同。 关键词 港口；Hotelling价格竞争模型；网络外部性；服务质量水平 Game strategy study between port FDI enterprise and domestic port enterprise based on network externality ZHANG Wenfen;TU Min (Wuhan University of Technology Transportation School ,Wuhan 430063) Abstract The service level and network externality of port are introduced into the utility function of the consignor. The paper analyzes the Game behavior between port FDI enterprise and domestic port enterprise by Hotelling price competition model. In the competition, price , income, service, and network externality are four key factors .Through the research , the relationship among the four factors will be clear in the condition of Nash and Stackelberg. The theoretical conclusions of the study show that,for both port FDI enterprise and domestic port enterprise, the optimal price and balanced revenue in the condition of Stackelberg are higher than that in the condition of Nash. Moreover, the optimal price is linear increasing with service level and linear diminishing with the strength of network externalities;the balanced revenue is influenced by service and network externalities, and the changes show a regular pattern in a certain range. In the same port market environment, for port FDI enterprise and domestic port enterprise in competition, the focus and service strategies are not the same. Keywords port ; Hotelling price competition model; network externality; service level 港口是连接国内外市场与国际市场的桥梁和纽带，2002年4月1日起我国取消港口码头设施建设经营上的股权限制，近年来，港口外资投资额基本呈逐年递增趋势。在外商投资日益多元化的今天，外资进入我国港口市场主要是采用外商直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，简称FDI）方式进入，其在我国港口建设中发挥其不可小觑的作用，然而在技术理念升级、服务质量提升、投资风险分散