英语词汇学复习大纲整理.doc

1 Basic Concepts 基本概念 the definition of a word （The definition of a word comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language; (2) a sound unity; (3) a unit of meaning; (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.） sound and meaning ：symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional. A dog is called a dog not because the sound and the three letters that make up the word just automatically suggest the animal in question. sound and form ： vocabulary classification of words 词汇分类 2 Development It is assumed that the world has approximately 3, 000 (some put it 5, 000 ) languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar. 2.1 Indo-European 印欧语 2.2 Historical review 历史概述 2.3 Growth of Present-day English Vocabulary 2.4 Modes of Vocabulary Development 3 Word Formation 3.1 Morphemes 词素 Definition: These minimal meaningful units are known as morphemes. In other words, the morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.词素是“构词中最小功能单位”。 3.2 Allomorphs 语素变体 Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. They are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. The morpheme is to the morph what a phoneme is to a phone. 词素是一个音素发音的。 morpheme 3.3 Types of Morphemes 3.4 Root and Stem The affixation and compounding involve different word-forming elements 词缀法和混合涉及不同的词语构成因素4 Word-formation Word formation 构词的方式 4.1 Affixation 词缀法falls into two subclasses（子类）: Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation, for new words created in this way are derived from old forms.