药学专业外语 甘 草.ppt

 甘 草 Radix Glycyrrhizae [English Name] Liquorice Root Origins Gancao is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs, and classified as a superior herb in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. The Chinese name Gancao means the sweet herb, hence its name. Since ancient times in China, it has been called the National Venerable Master (国老) because it has the merit of harmonizing and mollifying drugs in a prescription and eliminating various toxicities. It is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. , Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. Or Glycyrrhiza glabra L. , family Leguminosae. Plant Morphology Glycyrrhiza uralensis: A perennial herb, 30～100 cm high, covered with white pubescences, glandular scars or glandular hairs throughout. Rhizome cylindrical; main root relatively long, stout, outer bark reddish-brown to dark brown, taste sweet. Plant Morphology Stem erect, branchelets with ridges. Leaves pinnately compound, alternate, leaflets 7～17, ovate or broadly ovate, entire; stipules deciduous. Flowers in axillary racemes, dense; calyx campanulate, 5-lobed; corolla papilionaceous (butterfly-like), purplish-red or bluish-purple; stamens 10, diadelphous; ovary sessile, tapering upwards to become a style. Plant Morphology Legume (pod) curved to be sickle-like, densely covered with brown prickly glandular hairs. Seeds 2～8, black, smooth. Flowering season Jun.～Jul.; fruiting season Jul.～Aug.. It is usually grown wild in sunny calcareous grasslands and along the sandy riverbanks, and now also cultivated. Distributed in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China. Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. : Plant without glandular hairs; leaflets 3-7; Legume small, inflated. Distributed in Xinjiang and Gansu. Glycyrrhiza glabra L.: Plant without glandular hairs; leaflets 19; Legume flat and straight, glabrous. Distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai and Gansu. Collection and Preparation The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from stems and rootlets