期中,英美概况.doc

1、1066-Battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役 The Battle of Hastings was to shape the future of Medieval中世纪英国.However, the battle took place about seven miles from Hastings. Why, then was the Battle of Hastings so-called? In1066, Battle was an important area. Compared to other parts of Sussex, Battle was wealthy. However, the title Battle of Battle would not have worked, and for convenience sake, the nearest large town was selected-Hastings. The battle itself was fought by the current Battle Abbey修道院-however, the main thrust推力of the battle concerned Harolds哈罗德position on Senlac Hill,森拉克山丘a short distance from the current abbey. In the 11th Century, the coastline of Sussex was different to that of today. The coast was nearer to Battle than it is today and the only major road that linked Hastings to London went through Battle. If Harold held out at Battle, William would have had great difficulties sustaining支持his campaign战役. Mag na Carta大宪章 The Mag na Carta was signed in June 1215 between the barons男爵and King Johnat Runnymede兰尼米德near Windsor Castle. The Mag na Carta was one of the most important documents of Medieval England.The document was a series of written promises between the king and his subjects that he would govern England and deal with its people according to the customs of feudal封建law.Mag na Carta was an attempt by the barons to stop a king abusing his power with the people of England suffering. England had for some years owned land in France. The barons had provided the king with both money and men to defend this territory领土. Traditionally, the king had always consulted the barons before raising taxes and demanding more men for military service. This was all part of the Feudal System.While kings were militarily successful abroad, relations between the kings and the barons were good. John was not successful in his military campaigns abroad. His constant demands for more money and men angered the barons. By 1204,John had lost his land in northern France. In response to th