计算机网络4 网络层.pptx

4 网络层;基于TCP/IP的互联网;网络协议;4.1 IP层协议;IP层协议;IP数据报;以太网中小数据报的封装;IP层数据复用;例4.1 IP数据报;例4.2 IP数据报;标志字段;例4.3 数据分片(1);例4.3 数据分片(2);IP寻址;IP地址分类;判别IP地址类别;IP地址范围(十进制);用十进制表示IP地址;Internet上的IP地址;两层结构网络;三级IP地址;三层结构网络;子网掩码(subnet mask);子网掩码;缺省子网掩码;例4.4 三级寻址;特殊IP地址;IP地址使用范围;CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing, 无分类编址);无分类两级编址;路由聚合(route aggregation);Restriction;A block of 16 addresses granted to a small organization;Mask;An example of address allocation and distribution by an ISP;Network address translation (NAT);Addresses for private networks;A NAT implementation;Addresses in a NAT;NAPT (Network address and port translation);Address mapping and error reporting;主机名字、IP地址与MAC地址的转换;ARP操作;ARP包;ARP包的封装;例4.5 ARP过???;为什么需要ARP ?;RARP;ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol);ICMP提供的服务;ICMP报文封装;ICMP报文格式;ICMP报文类型;ICMP 报文类型;ICMP路由重定向;Debugging tools: Ping;Debugging tools: Tracert;Tracert operation;Tracert operation;4.2 路由;Delivery;Forwarding;Route method versus next-hop method;Host-specific versus network-specific method;Default method;Simplified forwarding module in classless address;Address aggregation;Ex 4.6 Longest mask matching;Ex 4.6 Longest mask matching, continued;路由;静态路由和动态路由;分层路由选择协议;自治系统 (Autonomous System);路由协议;RIP (Routing Information Protocol);路由表的建立;RIP路由更新算法;例5.7 路由表的更新;例4.7 路由表的更新, 续;RIP协议特点;OSPF (Open Shortest Path First);链路状态包(link-state packet);OSPF的区域(AREA);层次结构的区域划分;直接用IP数据报传送;OSPF特点;Dijkstra算法;例4.8 Dijkstra算法中的费用;Dijkstra计算过程;OSPF特点;OSPF vs RIP;4.4 小结