语言学lexicon.ppt

What is word? 3.1.1 Three senses of “word” A physically definable unit 词是自然的有界限的对立单位 Any word may be seen as sound segments or writing letters between two pauses or blanks. 音系上：[it is w?nd?ful ] 拼写上：It is wonderful What is word? 3.1.1 Three senses of “word” General term specific term 既是普通术语又是专门术语 Write-writes-wrote-writing-written 5 words (specific term) 1 word (general term) What is word? 3.1.1 Three senses of “word” A grammatical unit 语法单位 clause complex clause phrase/ word group word morpheme What is word? 3.1.2 Identification of words 1.Stability稳定性 Words are the most stable of all linguistic units, in respect of their internal structure. chairman for example. If the morphemes are rearranged as * manchair, it is an unacceptable word in English. John is a clever boy. A clever boy John is. What is word? 2. Relative uninterruptibility相对连续性 disappointment: dis + appoint + ment. 词的各个成分之间不可介入新的成分，也不可有停顿，但句子不同： (Even) Paul (even) didn’t (even) love (even) Jane (even). What is word? 3. A minimum free form 最小的自由形式 Leonard Bloomfield. sentence as “the maximum free form” and word “the minimum free form.” “Help！” What is word? 3.1.3 Classification of words 1. Variable and invariable words What is word? 3.1.3 Classification of words 1. Variable and invariable words可变化词和非变化词 In variable words, one can find ordered and regular series of grammatically different word form; on the other hand, part of the word remains relatively constant. E.g. follow – follows – following – followed. Invariable words refer to those words such as since, when, seldom, through, hello, etc. They have no inflective endings. What is word? 3.1.3 Classification of words 2. Grammatical words and lexical words语法词和词汇词 Grammatical words, ( function words), express grammatic