语言学教程第9章9.4-9.6.ppt

lingustics chapter 9 Mick Short(肖特） Literacture professor of Lancaster University(英国兰开斯特大学文学教授） A famous English stylist Style in Fiction 《小说中的文体》 Corpus Stylistics《语料库文体学》 9.4.2 Speech and Thought Presentation Speech presentation (1) Direct Speech (2) Indirect Speech (3) Narrators Representation of Speech Acts (4) Narrators Representation of Speech (5)Free Indirect Speech It is an amalgam(混合物）of Ds and IS features. At the first sight, FIS may be regarded as IS in form, but actually it also has DS features. Thought presentation (1) Direct Thought (2) Indirect Thought (3) Narrators Representation of Thought Act (4) Narrators Representation of Thought (5) Free Indirect Thought Stream of Consciousness Writing—— Main features in the most free version of DT many grammatical words have been removed Other features:?在表现对象方面上 ?小说谋篇布局的顺序上 9.4.3 Prose Style ?Authorial Style Jane Austen Jane Austen’s writing style is a mix of Neoclassicism Romanticism Hemingway Hemingwayhabituallyuse the word and in place of commas. Simplicity 简明直接 ?Text Style drama as poetry drama as fiction drama sa conversation 9.5The language in Drama How should we analyse drama? 9.4.4 How to analyse the language of Fiction Ex:? the old words in The Scarlet Letter: trow 相信 leech医生 wast(be)的第二人称单数 wottest知道 Ex: ?Thou knowest what is in my heart.----The Scarlet Letter. Ex: ?《红字》就用力大量的修辞手法，主要有：象征symbolize,比喻Metaphor，拟人Personification，夸张Hyperbole和讽刺Irony等。 9.5.2 Analysing dramatic language (2) Exchange sequence 交换顺序 (3) Production errors 产出性错误 (4) The cooperative principle 合作原则 (5) Status marked through language (6)register语域 (7)speech and silence (1) Turn quantity and length 话轮数量和长度 9.5.3 How to analyze 1. Paraphrase the text 2. write a commentary on the text 3. select a theoretical approach, perhaps from those discussed above 9.6 The cognitive approach to literature Three cognitive tools : figure and ground 背景是为了突显图形的存在 image schemata ● pat